NVOCC register created and minimum standards set for the
Issuance of NVOCC Bills of Lading
FMC defines NVOCC – Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carrier as:
- A common carrier that holds itself out to the public to provide ocean transportation, issues its own house bill of lading or equivalent document and does not operate the vessels by which ocean transportation is provided
- A shipper in its relationship with the vessel-operating common carrier involved in the movement of cargo
As there is no global regulatory body to register, control or regulate NVOCCs around the world, it is difficult to see how many NVOCCs are currently in operation around the world or where they are based..
- It is widely believed that the US market has the largest number of NVOCC operators in the world.. USA may also be one of the few countries where an NVOCC needs to be registered prior to offering services..
- NVOCC registration is also required in China as per certain publications which say that the operator must be registered with Ministry of Transportation..
- Not just in terms of their registration, but there doesn’t seem to be a clear definition on whether the NVOCC operator needs to register their bill of lading or not..
- Similarly, the requirement or need for registration of an NVOCC in other major jurisdictions is clear as mud..
What is the function of an NVOCC..??
An NVOCC is often termed as a “carrier to shippers” and “shipper to carriers”.. What does this mean..??
At the most basic level, an NVOCC enters into volume-based ocean freight arrangements with the various shipping lines operating across the various trade lanes.. An NVOCC then creates their own tariff based on which they sell space on these liner services to their various clients..
Depending on certain jurisdictions and markets, NVOCC’s activities may include but not restricted to below :
Ok, now to the subject of this post..
The ICC International Maritime Bureau (IMB) estimates from its work in verifying Bills of Lading that over 95% of all improperly issued Bills of Lading are issued by – yeah you guessed it – Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCCs)..
The IMB identified that there is a prevalence of issuance of incorrect NVOCC bills of lading by the NVOCC which is then presented to banks and other stakeholders in the trading and finance chain, with the aim of defrauding the trade finance system, possibly for the purposes of multiple financing, money laundering, etc..
The IMB has developed a business solution to mitigate the effects of this problem..
The IMB has established a register for Non Vessel Operating Common Carriers (the Register) who agree to abide by the IMB Code of Conduct for the proper issuance of NVOCC Bills of Lading..
The purpose of the Register is to improve anti-fraud standards and provide a mechanism to recognise participating NVOCCs who adhere to a minimum standard of anti-fraud measures in their operations..
Banks who are members of the IMB can now check whether the NVOCC named on the bill of lading presented to them has signed up to the IMB Code of Conduct..
This provides some sort of assurance to the banks and customers that the NVOCC bills of lading issued by these NVOCCs meet acceptable standards.. There are of course consequences for NVOCCs who fail to comply..
TT Club noted that in terms of banking scrutiny, The International Chamber of Commerce’s Commercial Crime Services division has a primary function of protecting the integrity of international trade by seeking out fraud and malpractice and providing reports based on this activity to its members..
Commercial banks conduct thousands of investigations each year in relation to fraudulent bills of lading and these investigations are undertaken by the IMB..
As part of the investigation process, IMB conducts due diligence on all trade documents, including bills of lading, and seeks independent third-party verification to provide an extra level of confidence in transactions..
Safeguard against shipping and freight fraudThis supports banks in relation to their compliance procedures to prevent fraud, money laundering and sanctions breaches, especially since banks are not obligated or have no resources to verify if the goods have been shipped on board..
Suspect bills of lading are those which have false content including the wrong ship, dates, description of cargoes, container numbers or parties..
Perpetrators present such bills of lading to banks to facilitate fraudulent activity including money laundering, fraud, illegal capital flight and to by-pass sanctions..
Shipping and Freight Resource fully supports this initiative of the IMB which sets out the standards for the issuance of NVOCC bills of lading, and also the fact that there will now be a register where NVOCCs can be tracked..
What is your opinion on this initiative..??
This is hugely beneficial to the shipping and freight industry and will surely reduce potential exposures to fraudulent activity throughout the supply chain..
Hopefully, in due course, this will become a regulatory requirement for NVOCCs and maybe even Freight Forwarders, much like a customs broker or clearing agent licence.
PS: As a point of interest, only the ICC and IMB seems to be expanding NVOCC as Non-Vessel Owning Common Carrier whereas everyone else including FMC, World Shipping Council, TT Club seems to expanding NVOCC as Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier..
Although it could mean both Owning or Operating, would be interesting to hear the rationale.
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李子柒螺蛳粉
螺螄粉知識｜好歡螺、李子柒口味與常見問題
螺螄粉除了經典原味，現在還有加辣加臭、濃湯、加量版和沖泡碗裝，不同產品在辣度、酸筍味和湯底濃度上差異很大。
好歡螺黃袋400g屬於比較均衡的經典款，份量足，酸辣味適中，適合第一次吃螺螄粉的人。
好歡螺紫袋加辣加臭版則更適合重口味愛好者，辣度更高，酸筍味也更明顯。
如果不方便開火，可以選沖泡碗裝螺螄粉。它比較適合宿舍、辦公室或沒有廚房的情況。
李子柒霸道濃湯螺螄粉主打濃郁湯底和較多配料，適合喜歡厚重湯頭的人。如果想換換口味，也可以選酸辣粉，味道會更清爽一些。
螺螄粉為什麼這麼臭？
主要氣味來自酸筍，而不是米粉本身。酸筍經過發酵後會產生特殊氣味，這也是柳州螺螄粉最有代表性的特色之一。
米粉有黑點正常嗎？
如果產品在保質期內，少量黑點通常可能是製作過程中高溫擠絲留下的糊化痕跡，不一定代表變質。
好歡螺來自哪裡？
好歡螺是中國廣西柳州的螺螄粉品牌，而柳州也是螺螄粉最具代表性的產地。
第一次吃，可以選黃袋原味；喜歡重辣重臭，可以選紫袋；喜歡濃湯，可以選李子柒霸道濃湯；不方便開火，則可以選沖泡碗裝。
螺蛳粉第一次買螺螄粉怎麼選？好歡螺、李子柒、螺霸王、臭寶口味一次看懂
第一次買螺螄粉，面對好歡螺、李子柒、螺霸王、臭寶等品牌，很容易不知道怎麼選。其實可以直接按照辣度、酸筍味和湯底濃度來挑。
好歡螺：口味最多
好歡螺是很受歡迎的螺螄粉品牌，選擇也比較豐富。
紫色原味屬於經典款，湯底濃郁，酸筍、腐竹、花生等配料完整。
喜歡重口味，可以選加辣加臭400g；如果第一次吃，黃色原味400g會更容易接受。
另外還有小龍蝦味、香菜味和油豆腐版，適合想嘗試不同口味的人。
李子柒：湯底濃郁
李子柒螺螄粉整體味道比較均衡，酸、辣、鮮都比較明顯，配料也很豐富。
普通款適合大多數人，喜歡更辣、更濃的，可以選加辣加臭400g或霸道濃湯410g。
螺霸王：經典穩定
螺霸王經典原味330g比較接近傳統柳州風味，不追求特別辣或特別臭。
湯底、酸筍和米粉搭配比較均衡，適合平時經常吃螺螄粉的人囤貨。
臭寶：適合重口味
臭寶的特色比較明顯，例如濃湯、臭豆腐等口味。
如果本身就喜歡臭豆腐、濃湯或比較刺激的味道，可以嘗試臭寶。第一次吃螺螄粉的人，建議先從普通原味開始。
第一次吃怎麼選？
第一次嘗試，可以優先選好歡螺黃色原味、紫色原味、李子柒經典款或螺霸王經典原味。
如果已經習慣螺螄粉的味道，可以再嘗試加辣加臭、濃湯、小龍蝦、香菜或臭豆腐口味。
螺螄粉怎麼煮更好吃？
先把米粉煮到合適的軟硬度，再加入湯包、酸筍和其他配料。
不能吃太辣的人，辣油先放三分之一到一半。還可以加入青菜、雞蛋、火腿、油豆腐或牛肉丸，讓一包速食螺螄粉變得更加豐富。
螺螄粉的魅力就在於不同品牌、不同口味差異很大。有人喜歡濃郁，有人喜歡酸辣，也有人專門追求加臭加辣。找到最適合自己口味的那一款，才是最重要的。
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